Update .gitea/workflows/publish-docs.yaml

Reviewed-on: #1
added CUDA for images and raytracing, added python bindings via pybind11, removed LTK, added documentation

.gitea/workflows/publish-docs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: MkDocs Subpath Deploy
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # trigger manuale
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main  # Trigger on main branch
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-deploy:
+    runs-on: mildpub # Runner that can access to SSH_YFINPUB_HOST
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout del codice
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Configura Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Installa dipendenze
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install mkdocs-material 
+          pip install -r docs/docker/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Build del sito
+        run: mkdocs build
+
+      - name: Deploy via SSH (SCP)
+        uses: https://github.com/appleboy/scp-action@master
+        with:
+          host: ${{ vars.SSH_YFINPUB_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ vars.SSH_YFINPUB_USER }}
+          key: ${{ secrets.MILD_PUB }}
+          port: 22
+          source: "site/*"
+          # Il percorso sul server deve corrispondere alla tua sottopagina
+          target: "/var/www/docs/cmt/uLib/"
+          strip_components: 1 # Rimuove la cartella "site/" e mette solo il contenuto
+          rm: true            # Pulisce la cartella prima di copiare (opzionale, stile Vercel)

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,11 @@ build_warnings*.log
 final_build.log
 cmake_configure.log
 compile_commands.json
+
+dist/
+build_python/
+src/Python/uLib/*.so*
+src/Python/uLib/*.pyd
+src/Python/uLib/*.pyc
+src/Python/uLib/__pycache__
+src/Python/uLib/.nfs*

CMakePresets.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    "version": 8,
+    "configurePresets": [
+        {
+            "name": "andrea",
+            "displayName": "Custom configure preset",
+            "description": "Sets Ninja generator, build and install directory",
+            "generator": "Ninja",
+            "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/out/build/${presetName}",
+            "cacheVariables": {
+                "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug",
+                "CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX": "${sourceDir}/out/install/${presetName}"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}

README.md

@@ -61,3 +61,10 @@ cmake --preset conan-release
 ```bash
 cmake --build build -j10
 ```
+
+### Make python package
+
+```bash
+micromamba run -n mutom env USE_CUDA=ON poetry install
+```
+

build_python.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import shutil
+
+def build(setup_kwargs):
+    """
+    Build the C++ extension using CMake.
+    This function is called by poetry-core during the build process.
+    The binary is placed directly inside the uLib directory in src/Python.
+    """
+    # Root of the whole project where this build_extension.py is located
+    project_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    
+    # Where the extension should go
+    package_dir = os.path.join(project_root, "src/Python/uLib")
+    
+    # Ensure package directory exists
+    os.makedirs(package_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    # Temporary build directory
+    build_temp = os.path.join(project_root, "build_python")
+    os.makedirs(build_temp, exist_ok=True)
+
+    print(f"--- Running CMake build in {build_temp} ---")
+    print(f"Project root: {project_root}")
+    print(f"Target binary dir: {package_dir}")
+
+    # Determine if CUDA should be enabled
+    use_cuda = os.environ.get("USE_CUDA", "OFF").upper()
+    if use_cuda in ["ON", "1", "TRUE", "YES"]:
+        use_cuda = "ON"
+    else:
+        use_cuda = "OFF"
+    
+    # CMake configuration
+    cmake_args = [
+        f"-DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY={package_dir}",
+        f"-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE={sys.executable}",
+        "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release",
+        f"-DUSE_CUDA={use_cuda}", 
+        "-G", "Unix Makefiles",
+    ]
+
+    # Use micromamba to ensure Boost and VTK are found during the build
+    subprocess.check_call(["cmake", project_root] + cmake_args, cwd=build_temp)
+    subprocess.check_call(["cmake", "--build", ".", "--parallel", "--target", "uLib_python"], cwd=build_temp)
+    
+    # Ensure the package is found by poetry during the wheel creation process.
+    # Return setup_kwargs for poetry-core.
+    return setup_kwargs
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    build({})

docs/assets/css/extensions/tabbed.css

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+.tabbed-set {
+  display: flex;
+  position: relative;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set .highlight {
+  background: #ddd;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set .tabbed-content {
+  display: none;
+  order: 99;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set label {
+  width: auto;
+  margin: 0 0.5em;
+  padding: 0.25em;
+  font-size: 120%;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  color: #ffffff !important;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set input {
+  position: absolute;
+  opacity: 0;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set input:nth-child(n+1) {
+  color: #333333;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set input:nth-child(n+1):checked + label {
+    color: cyan !important;
+}
+
+.tabbed-set input:nth-child(n+1):checked + label + .tabbed-content {
+    display: block;
+}

docs/assets/css/extra.css

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@import "extensions/tabbed.css";
+
+.md-grid {
+    max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+.md-main__inner {
+    margin-top: 0;
+    padding-top: 0;
+}
+
+.md-sidebar--secondary {
+    right: 1.5rem;
+    top: 4.8rem;
+    transform: none;
+    width: 18rem;
+}

docs/docker/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Stage 1: Build the static site using MkDocs
+FROM python:3.9-slim-buster as builder
+
+# Set the working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy the requirements file
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+# Install the Python dependencies
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# Copy the rest of the application files
+COPY ../.. .
+
+# Build the MkDocs site
+RUN mkdocs build
+
+
+# Stage 2: Serve the static files with Nginx
+FROM nginx:alpine
+
+# Copy the built site from the builder stage
+COPY --from=builder /app/site /usr/share/nginx/html
+
+# Expose port 80 for the web server
+EXPOSE 80
+
+# Command to run Nginx in the foreground
+CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

docs/docker/Dockerfile.dev

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Dockerfile for development with live-reloading
+FROM python:3.9-slim-buster
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy and install dependencies
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# Expose the port MkDocs serve will run on
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+# Command to run the development server
+CMD ["mkdocs", "serve", "--dev-addr", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

docs/docker/docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+version: '3.8'
+
+services:
+  mkdocs:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
+    ports:
+      - "8000:8000"
+    volumes:
+      - ../..:/app
+    environment:
+      - GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM=1 

docs/docker/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# MkDocs runtime dependencies for the docs Docker image
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Core: theme (provides mkdocs itself as a transitive dep)
+mkdocs-material==9.7.1
+
+# pymdownx.* extensions used in mkdocs.yml:
+#   arithmatex, highlight, superfences, tabbed, details, blocks.caption
+# (also a hard dep of mkdocs-material, pinned here for reproducibility)
+pymdown-extensions>=10.0
+
+# Markdown math rendering support (arithmatex generic mode)
+# JS side is loaded via CDN (polyfill.io + MathJax), no extra Python pkg needed
+
+# Optional: PDF export plugin (exporter: block, currently commented out in mkdocs.yml)
+mkdocs-exporter

docs/docker/runtime.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.7

docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# uLib
+
+[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/36926725.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/36926725)
+
+**uLib** is the base toolkit library for the **CMT (Cosmic Muon Tomography)** project, developed at the University of Padova and INFN Sezione di Padova, Italy.
+
+It provides:
+
+- **Core** – object model, timers, configuration, UUID utilities.
+- **Math** – linear algebra (Eigen3), structured grids, voxel images, ray-tracing, image filters.
+- **Python bindings** – full pybind11 interface for scripting and analysis workflows.
+- Optional **CUDA** acceleration for voxel filtering (transparent RAM ↔ VRAM management).
+
+---
+
+## Quick Start
+
+=== "Users (pip / poetry)"
+    ```bash
+    # Activate your conda/micromamba environment first
+    micromamba activate mutom
+
+    poetry install            # CPU build
+    USE_CUDA=ON poetry install # GPU build
+    ```
+
+=== "Developers (CMake)"
+    ```bash
+    conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing
+    cmake --preset conan-release
+    cmake --build build --target uLib_python -j$(nproc)
+
+    export PYTHONPATH="$(pwd)/build/src/Python:$(pwd)/src/Python"
+    ```
+
+Then in Python:
+
+```python
+import uLib
+
+# Core
+timer = uLib.Core.Timer()
+timer.Start()
+
+# Math
+grid = uLib.Math.StructuredGrid([10, 10, 10])
+grid.SetSpacing([1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+
+img = uLib.Math.VoxImage([10, 10, 10])
+img.SetValue(0, 3.14)
+print(img.GetValue(0))
+```
+
+---
+
+## Documentation Sections
+
+| Section | Description |
+|---|---|
+| [Python – Installation](python/installation.md) | Environment setup, user install, developer build |
+| [Python – API Usage](python/usage.md) | Full API reference with examples |
+| [Python – Developer Guide](python/developer_guide.md) | Adding bindings, running tests, build details |
+| [C++ Build – Usage & CUDA](usage/usage.md) | CMake build, CUDA configuration |

docs/python/developer_guide.md

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Developer Guide – Python Bindings
+
+This guide is aimed at contributors who want to extend or modify the Python bindings for `uLib`.
+
+---
+
+## Repository Layout
+
+```
+ulib/
+├── src/
+│   └── Python/
+│       ├── module.cpp               # pybind11 module entry point
+│       ├── core_bindings.cpp        # uLib::Core bindings
+│       ├── math_bindings.cpp        # uLib::Math bindings
+│       ├── math_filters_bindings.cpp# VoxImageFilter bindings
+│       ├── CMakeLists.txt           # builds uLib_python shared lib
+│       ├── testing/                 # Python unit tests
+│       │   ├── pybind_test.py
+│       │   ├── core_pybind_test.py
+│       │   ├── math_pybind_test.py
+│       │   └── math_filters_test.py
+│       └── uLib/                    # Python package (uLib_python.so lands here)
+│           └── __init__.py
+├── build_python.py                  # poetry build hook (calls CMake)
+├── pyproject.toml                   # poetry metadata
+└── condaenv.yml                     # conda/micromamba environment
+```
+
+---
+
+## Adding a New Binding
+
+All bindings live in the four source files listed above. The module entry point `module.cpp` calls `init_core()`, `init_math()`, and `init_math_filters()` in order.
+
+### 1. Pick (or create) the right binding file
+
+| C++ header location | Binding file |
+|---|---|
+| `src/Core/` | `core_bindings.cpp` |
+| `src/Math/` (geometry, grids, VoxImage) | `math_bindings.cpp` |
+| `src/Math/VoxImageFilter*.hpp` | `math_filters_bindings.cpp` |
+
+### 2. Add the `#include` directive
+
+```cpp
+// math_bindings.cpp
+#include "Math/MyNewClass.h"
+```
+
+### 3. Write the pybind11 binding inside the appropriate `init_*` function
+
+```cpp
+void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
+    // ... existing bindings ...
+
+    py::class_<MyNewClass>(m, "MyNewClass")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("MyMethod",  &MyNewClass::MyMethod)
+        .def("AnotherMethod", &MyNewClass::AnotherMethod,
+             py::arg("x"), py::arg("y") = 0.0f);
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Rebuild only the Python target
+
+```bash
+cmake --build build --target uLib_python -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+### 5. Write a Python test
+
+Add a new test class to the relevant test file (or create a new one under `src/Python/testing/`):
+
+```python
+# src/Python/testing/math_pybind_test.py
+class TestMyNewClass(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_basic(self):
+        obj = uLib.Math.MyNewClass()
+        result = obj.MyMethod()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result, expected_value)
+```
+
+Register the test in `src/Python/CMakeLists.txt` if you add a new file:
+
+```cmake
+add_test(NAME pybind_my_new
+         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/testing/my_new_test.py)
+set_tests_properties(pybind_my_new PROPERTIES
+    ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Python")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Build System Details
+
+### CMakeLists.txt (`src/Python/`)
+
+`pybind11_add_module` compiles the shared library `uLib_python` and links it against the C++ static/shared libraries `uLibCore` and `uLibMath`. The install target copies the `.so` into the standard library directory.
+
+```cmake
+pybind11_add_module(uLib_python
+    module.cpp core_bindings.cpp math_bindings.cpp math_filters_bindings.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(uLib_python PRIVATE uLibCore uLibMath)
+```
+
+### poetry / build_python.py
+
+`pyproject.toml` declares `build_python.py` as the custom build hook. When `poetry install` or `poetry build` is invoked it:
+
+1. Calls `cmake <root> -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=<pkg_dir> ...` in `build_python/`.
+2. Builds only the `uLib_python` target.
+3. The resulting `.so` is placed inside `src/Python/uLib/` so it is picked up by Poetry as a package data file.
+
+The `USE_CUDA` environment variable gates CUDA support at build time:
+
+```bash
+USE_CUDA=ON poetry install   # with CUDA
+USE_CUDA=OFF poetry install  # CPU only (default)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Running All Tests
+
+```bash
+# From the repository root, with PYTHONPATH set:
+export PYTHONPATH="$(pwd)/build/src/Python:$(pwd)/src/Python"
+
+python -m pytest src/Python/testing/ -v
+```
+
+Or through CMake's test runner (after building the full project):
+
+```bash
+cd build
+ctest --output-on-failure -R pybind
+```
+
+Expected output (all passing):
+
+```
+    Start 1: pybind_general
+1/4 Test #1: pybind_general .............   Passed
+    Start 2: pybind_core
+2/4 Test #2: pybind_core ................   Passed
+    Start 3: pybind_math
+3/4 Test #3: pybind_math ................   Passed
+    Start 4: pybind_math_filters
+4/4 Test #4: pybind_math_filters ........   Passed
+```
+
+---
+
+## Memory Management Notes
+
+`uLib::Vector<T>` has explicit GPU memory management. When wrapping methods that return references to internal data, use `py::return_value_policy::reference_internal` to avoid dangling references:
+
+```cpp
+.def("Data", &VoxImage<Voxel>::Data,
+     py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
+```
+
+For objects held by `std::unique_ptr` without Python-side deletion, use `py::nodelete`:
+
+```cpp
+py::class_<Abstract::VoxImageFilter,
+           std::unique_ptr<Abstract::VoxImageFilter, py::nodelete>>(m, "AbstractVoxImageFilter")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Useful References
+
+- [pybind11 documentation](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io)
+- [pybind11 – STL containers](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/cast/stl.html)
+- [pybind11 – Eigen integration](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/cast/eigen.html)
+- [CMake – pybind11 integration](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/compiling.html)

docs/python/installation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# Python Installation
+
+The `uLib` Python package exposes the Core and Math C++ libraries via [pybind11](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io) bindings. There are two ways to install it: as an **end user** (pre-built wheel / pip) or as a **developer** (editable build from source).
+
+---
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+`uLib` depends on native C++ libraries that must be compiled. Ensure the following are available in your environment before installing:
+
+| Dependency | Minimum version | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Python | 3.9 | |
+| CMake | 3.12 | |
+| pybind11 | 2.6.0 | |
+| Conan | 2.x | for Eigen3 / Boost |
+| micromamba / conda | any | recommended – provides ROOT, VTK |
+
+### Creating the `mutom` Conda/Micromamba Environment
+
+A ready-to-use environment definition is provided as `condaenv.yml` at the repository root.
+
+=== "Micromamba"
+    ```bash
+    micromamba env create -f condaenv.yml
+    micromamba activate mutom
+    ```
+
+=== "Conda"
+    ```bash
+    conda env create -f condaenv.yml
+    conda activate mutom
+    ```
+
+The environment installs CMake, Conan, ROOT, VTK, and the compiler toolchain.
+
+> **CUDA (optional)**  
+> If you want GPU-accelerated voxel filtering, you also need NVCC inside the environment:
+> ```bash
+> micromamba install cuda-nvcc -c conda-forge
+> ```
+
+---
+
+## User Installation (wheel / pip)
+
+Once the native dependencies are present in your environment, install the package with Poetry or pip:
+
+```bash
+# Activate your environment first
+micromamba activate mutom
+
+# Build and install (CUDA disabled by default)
+poetry install
+
+# Build and install with CUDA support
+USE_CUDA=ON poetry install
+```
+
+After installation the module is importable from anywhere in the environment:
+
+```python
+import uLib
+print(dir(uLib.Core))
+print(dir(uLib.Math))
+```
+
+---
+
+## Developer Installation (editable / in-tree build)
+
+For development you typically want to skip the packaging layer and work directly against the CMake build tree.
+
+### Step 1 – Install Conan dependencies
+
+```bash
+conan profile detect          # first time only
+conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing
+```
+
+### Step 2 – Configure and build
+
+```bash
+# Standard release build
+cmake --preset conan-release
+
+# …or manually
+cmake -B build \
+      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=build/conan_toolchain.cmake \
+      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+      -DUSE_CUDA=OFF          # set to ON when a GPU is available
+
+cmake --build build --target uLib_python -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+The shared library (`uLib_python*.so`) is written to `build/src/Python/`.
+
+### Step 3 – Make the module importable
+
+Point `PYTHONPATH` at the build output **and** the Python source directory (the latter carries the `uLib/__init__.py` that stitches sub-modules together):
+
+```bash
+export PYTHONPATH="$(pwd)/build/src/Python:$(pwd)/src/Python:$PYTHONPATH"
+python -c "import uLib; print(uLib.__version__)"
+```
+
+Or, for a one-shot check:
+
+```bash
+PYTHONPATH="build/src/Python:src/Python" python src/Python/testing/pybind_test.py
+```
+
+### Step 4 – Run the tests
+
+CMake registers the Python tests alongside the C++ ones; use `ctest` from the build directory:
+
+```bash
+cd build
+ctest --output-on-failure -R pybind
+```
+
+Individual test scripts can also be run directly once `PYTHONPATH` is set:
+
+```bash
+python src/Python/testing/core_pybind_test.py
+python src/Python/testing/math_pybind_test.py
+python src/Python/testing/math_filters_test.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## Verifying the Installation
+
+```python
+import uLib
+
+# Core module
+obj    = uLib.Core.Object()
+timer  = uLib.Core.Timer()
+timer.Start()
+elapsed = timer.StopWatch()   # float, seconds
+
+# Math module
+v3 = uLib.Math.Vector3f([1.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+print(v3[0])  # 1.0
+```

docs/python/usage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+# Python API Usage
+
+The `uLib` Python package is split into two sub-modules mirroring the C++ library:
+
+| Sub-module | Contents |
+|---|---|
+| `uLib.Core` | Low-level utilities: `Object`, `Timer`, `Options`, `TypeRegister` |
+| `uLib.Math` | Geometry, grids, voxel images, ray-tracing, image filters |
+
+```python
+import uLib
+# Sub-modules are accessible as attributes
+uLib.Core   # core utilities
+uLib.Math   # mathematical structures
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Core
+
+### Object
+
+Base class for uLib objects; exposed to Python for type-hierarchy purposes.
+
+```python
+obj = uLib.Core.Object()
+copy = obj.DeepCopy()
+```
+
+### Timer
+
+Precision wall-clock timer.
+
+```python
+import time
+timer = uLib.Core.Timer()
+timer.Start()
+time.sleep(0.5)
+elapsed = timer.StopWatch()   # returns elapsed seconds as float
+print(f"Elapsed: {elapsed:.3f} s")
+```
+
+### Options
+
+Wraps Boost.ProgramOptions for INI-style configuration files.
+
+```python
+opt = uLib.Core.Options("My Program")
+opt.parse_config_file("config.ini")   # load settings
+n = opt.count("my_key")               # check if key exists
+opt.save_config_file("out.ini")
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – Linear Algebra
+
+The math module exposes Eigen3 vectors and matrices as well-typed Python objects with NumPy interoperability.
+
+### Fixed-size Vectors
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import uLib
+
+# Construct from list
+v3 = uLib.Math.Vector3f([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
+print(v3[0], v3[1], v3[2])   # 1.0 2.0 3.0
+
+# Construct from NumPy array
+arr = np.array([4.0, 5.0, 6.0], dtype=np.float32)
+v3b = uLib.Math.Vector3f(arr)
+
+# Zero-initialise
+v4d = uLib.Math.Vector4d()    # all zeros
+
+# Available types
+# Vector1f / 2f / 3f / 4f  (float32)
+# Vector1d / 2d / 3d / 4d  (float64)
+# Vector1i / 2i / 3i / 4i  (int32)
+```
+
+### Fixed-size Matrices
+
+```python
+# 2-by-2 float matrix
+m2f = uLib.Math.Matrix2f()
+m2f[0, 0] = 1;  m2f[0, 1] = 2
+m2f[1, 0] = 3;  m2f[1, 1] = 4
+
+# From list (row-major)
+m4f = uLib.Math.Matrix4f([1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1])
+
+# From NumPy (2-D array)
+mat = np.eye(3, dtype=np.float32)
+m3f = uLib.Math.Matrix3f(mat)
+
+# Dynamic matrices
+mXf = uLib.Math.MatrixXf(4, 4)   # 4×4 float, zeros
+```
+
+### Homogeneous Types
+
+```python
+# HPoint3f – a 3-D point in homogeneous coordinates (w = 1)
+p = uLib.Math.HPoint3f(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+
+# HVector3f – a free vector (w = 0)
+v = uLib.Math.HVector3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+
+# HLine3f – a parametric ray
+line = uLib.Math.HLine3f()
+line.origin    = uLib.Math.HPoint3f(0, 0, 0)
+line.direction = uLib.Math.HVector3f(0, 0, 1)
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – Transforms and Geometry
+
+### AffineTransform
+
+A rigid-body / affine transform stored as a 4×4 matrix.
+
+```python
+tf = uLib.Math.AffineTransform()
+
+tf.SetPosition([1.0, 0.0, 0.0])   # translate
+tf.Translate([0.0, 1.0, 0.0])     # cumulative translate
+tf.Scale([2.0, 2.0, 2.0])         # uniform scale
+tf.Rotate(uLib.Math.Vector3f([0, 0, 3.14159]))  # Euler angles (rad)
+
+mat4 = tf.GetWorldMatrix()   # 4×4 matrix
+pos  = tf.GetPosition()      # Vector3f
+```
+
+### Geometry
+
+Inherits `AffineTransform`; converts points between world and local frames.
+
+```python
+geo = uLib.Math.Geometry()
+geo.SetPosition([1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+
+world_pt = uLib.Math.Vector4f([2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0])
+local_pt = geo.GetLocalPoint(world_pt)
+back     = geo.GetWorldPoint(local_pt)
+# back ≈ [2, 3, 2, 1]
+```
+
+### ContainerBox
+
+An axis-aligned bounding box with an associated transform.
+
+```python
+box = uLib.Math.ContainerBox()
+box.SetOrigin([-1.0, -1.0, -1.0])
+box.SetSize([2.0, 2.0, 2.0])
+print(box.GetSize())    # [2, 2, 2]
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – Structured Grids
+
+### StructuredGrid (3-D)
+
+A 3-D voxel grid (origin, spacing, and integer dimensions).
+
+```python
+dims = uLib.Math.Vector3i([10, 10, 10])
+grid = uLib.Math.StructuredGrid(dims)
+grid.SetSpacing([1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+grid.SetOrigin([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+
+print(grid.GetSpacing())          # [1, 1, 1]
+print(grid.IsInsideBounds([5, 5, 5, 1]))  # True
+idx = grid.Find([2.5, 2.5, 2.5]) # returns grid cell index
+```
+
+### Structured2DGrid / Structured4DGrid
+
+```python
+grid2d = uLib.Math.Structured2DGrid()
+grid2d.SetDims([100, 100])
+grid2d.SetPhysicalSpace([0, 0], [1, 1])
+print(grid2d.GetSpacing())
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – VoxImage
+
+`VoxImage` is a 3-D voxel volume where each cell stores a `Voxel` ( `.Value` + `.Count`).
+
+```python
+dims = uLib.Math.Vector3i([20, 20, 20])
+img  = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+img.SetSpacing([0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
+
+# Access by linear index
+img.SetValue(0, 42.0)
+print(img.GetValue(0))    # 42.0
+
+# Access by 3-D index
+img.SetValue(uLib.Math.Vector3i([1, 1, 1]), 7.5)
+print(img.GetValue(uLib.Math.Vector3i([1, 1, 1])))  # 7.5
+
+# Clipping / masking helpers
+cropped = img.clipImage(uLib.Math.Vector3i([2, 2, 2]),
+                        uLib.Math.Vector3i([18, 18, 18]))
+masked  = img.maskImage(0.0, 100.0, 0.0)   # mask outside [0, 100]
+
+# I/O
+img.ExportToVti("output.vti")
+img.ImportFromVti("output.vti")
+```
+
+### Voxel (element type)
+
+```python
+vox = uLib.Math.Voxel()
+vox.Value = 1.5
+vox.Count = 3
+
+data = img.Data()        # returns the underlying Vector_Voxel
+vox0 = data[0]
+print(vox0.Value, vox0.Count)
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – VoxRaytracer
+
+Performs ray-tracing through a `StructuredGrid` and returns per-voxel chord lengths.
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import uLib
+
+grid = uLib.Math.StructuredGrid([10, 10, 10])
+grid.SetSpacing([1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+grid.SetOrigin([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+
+rt = uLib.Math.VoxRaytracer(grid)
+
+# Trace a ray between two homogeneous points (x, y, z, w=1)
+p1 = np.array([0.5, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+p2 = np.array([0.5, 0.5, 11.0, 1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+result = rt.TraceBetweenPoints(p1, p2)
+
+print("Voxels crossed:", result.Count())
+print("Total length  :", result.TotalLength())
+
+elements = result.Data()
+for i in range(result.Count()):
+    print(f"  vox_id={elements[i].vox_id}  L={elements[i].L:.4f}")
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – Image Filters
+
+All filters share the same interface: construct with a kernel size, attach a `VoxImage`, optionally set parameters, then call `.Run()`.
+
+```python
+import uLib
+
+dims = uLib.Math.Vector3i([10, 10, 10])
+img  = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+for i in range(10**3):
+    img.SetValue(i, float(i))
+
+kernel_dims = uLib.Math.Vector3i([3, 3, 3])
+```
+
+### Linear (Gaussian / Box) Filter
+
+```python
+filt = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear(kernel_dims)
+filt.SetImage(img)
+filt.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)   # uniform box kernel, length = product of dims
+filt.Run()
+```
+
+### ABTrim Filter
+
+Applies alpha-beta trimming to remove outliers before averaging.
+
+```python
+filt = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim(kernel_dims)
+filt.SetImage(img)
+filt.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+filt.SetABTrim(2, 2)    # trim 2 low and 2 high values
+filt.Run()
+```
+
+### Bilateral Filter
+
+Edge-preserving smoothing controlled by a spatial sigma (from the kernel shape) and an intensity sigma.
+
+```python
+filt = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral(kernel_dims)
+filt.SetImage(img)
+filt.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+filt.SetIntensitySigma(0.3)
+filt.Run()
+```
+
+### Threshold Filter
+
+Zeros voxels below a threshold.
+
+```python
+filt = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold(kernel_dims)
+filt.SetImage(img)
+filt.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+filt.SetThreshold(0.5)
+filt.Run()
+```
+
+### Median Filter
+
+```python
+filt = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian(kernel_dims)
+filt.SetImage(img)
+filt.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+filt.Run()
+```
+
+---
+
+## uLib.Math – Accumulators
+
+Accumulators collect scalar samples and return a summary statistic.
+
+```python
+# Arithmetic mean
+acc = uLib.Math.Accumulator_Mean_f()
+acc(10.0)
+acc(20.0)
+mean = acc()       # 15.0
+
+# Alpha-beta trimmed mean
+acc2 = uLib.Math.Accumulator_ABTrim_f()
+acc2.SetABTrim(0.1, 0.1)   # trim bottom 10 % and top 10 %
+acc2 += 1.0
+acc2 += 9999.0             # outlier
+acc2 += 5.0
+result = acc2()            # trimmed mean ≈ 3.0
+```
+
+---
+
+## Dynamic Vectors (`uLib.Math.Vector_*`)
+
+Typed dynamic arrays backed by `uLib::Vector<T>` with optional CUDA memory management.
+
+```python
+# Integer vector
+vi = uLib.Math.Vector_i()
+vi.append(1); vi.append(2); vi.append(3)
+print(len(vi), vi[0])
+
+# Float vector with CUDA management
+vf = uLib.Math.Vector_f()
+vf.append(1.5)
+vf.MoveToVRAM()   # copy to GPU (no-op when CUDA is absent)
+vf.MoveToRAM()    # copy back to CPU
+
+# Other types: Vector_ui, Vector_l, Vector_ul, Vector_d
+# Compound element types: Vector_Vector3f, Vector_Vector4f, Vector_Voxel …
+```

mkdocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+# site_name: uLib Documentation
+# site_description: CMT Cosmic Muon Tomography – uLib toolkit
+# site_author: Andrea Rigoni Garola
+# repo_url: https://github.com/cmt/ulib
+# docs_dir: docs
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | This is the main file used by MkDocs to build the pages.                                               |
+# | It contains a lot of information and settings for you to read and use.                                 |
+# | Comments may contain "Read More" URLs to more in-depth documentation about the option for you to read. |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | You can check out https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/ for a more detailed explanation of  |
+# | all the options MkDocs offers by default.                                                              |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +------------------------------------------------- NOTE -------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Some of the options listed here are only available through the usage of Material for MkDocs.           |
+# | Those options will usually have a link to the docs of this Theme and also mention "Material" as name.  |
+# | The actual name of the theme is "Material for MkDocs" and "Material" is used for simplicity reasons.   |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Main Page Settings for MkDocs.                                                                         |
+# | Those settings are site name, site description, Site author and also Site URL (Canonical URL)          |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#site_name                                           |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#site_description                                    |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#site_author                                         |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#site_url                                            |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+site_name: OpenCMT uLib Documentation
+site_url: https://docs.mildstone.org/uLib/ # <--- project subfolder
+use_directory_urls: true
+site_description: 'Documentation for OpenCMT uLib'
+site_author: 'Andrea Rigoni Garola'
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | This setting allows you to define your own Copyright notice.                                           |
+# | The text is treated as HTML code so you can use things like <a> tags or &copy; to display the          |
+# | Copyright icon.                                                                                        |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Where or IF the Copyright is displayed depends on the theme you use.                                   |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#copyright                                           |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+copyright: |
+  &copy; Author
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The base folder to use.                                                                                |
+# | Any Markdown files you put into this folder will be turned into a static HTML page once you build or   |
+# | publish your page.                                                                                     |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | It is also used as the base directory for other settings like the "extra_css" or "extra_javascript"    |
+# | option.                                                                                                |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+docs_dir: docs/
+
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | These options allow to define a Repository to link to.                                                 |
+# | The result will, depending on the theme, be a link somewhere shown on the page that links to the       |
+# | Repository with the specified repo_name.                                                               |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | This will also enable a "edit" button on the page itself that allows the direct editing of the page.   |
+# | You can disable this by setting "edit_uri" to an empty String.                                         |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#repo_name                                           |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#repo_url                                            |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#edit_uri                                            |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+repo_name: OpenCMT/uLib
+repo_url: https://gitea.mildstone.org/OpenCMT/uLib.git
+#edit_uri: tree/master/docs # Uncomment to define a different URI/URL for the "edit" option
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The "nav" option is where you define the navigation to show in MkDocs.                                 |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Depending on the theme you use will the resulting Navigation look different.                           |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | You can set different types of navigations. Either just the path, the path with a separate title or    |
+# | an external URL.                                                                                       |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#documentation-layout                                |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+nav:
+  - Home: index.md
+  - Python:
+    - Installation: python/installation.md
+    - API Usage: python/usage.md
+    - Developer Guide: python/developer_guide.md
+  - C++ Build:
+    - Usage & CUDA: usage/usage.md
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The "theme" section allows you to define what theme to use.                                            |
+# | It is also used for theme-specific options, but also for advanced stuff such as theme-extensions, if   |
+# | the theme actually supports it.                                                                        |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#theme                                               |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+theme:
+
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "name" option is where you define the theme to use.                                              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Note that not all themes are included by default and will require you to install them first.         |
+  # | The Material theme is one of them. See the "Read More" link for instructions on how to install it.   |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/getting-started/                                       |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  name: 'material'
+
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The Material theme allows "theme-extsnions", meaning that you can override parts of it by either     |
+  # | overriding a particular file, or only parts (blocks) of it.                                          |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | If you want to override parts of Material, uncomment the "custom_dir" option below and set the       |
+  # | folder (relative to the mkdocs.yml file) where your theme extensions will be located at.             |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#custom_dir                                        |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/customization/#extending-the-theme                     |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #custom_dir: 'theme'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "favicon" option allows you to set your own image/icon to use in the browser-tab.                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Pretty much all image types are supported, but it's recommended to use a PNG, SVG or ICO image for   |
+  # | the favicon.                                                                                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The directory is relative to the "docs_dir".                                                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Example: Having a favicon.png in docs/assets/images will result in the "favicon" setting showing     |
+  # |          'assets/images/favicon.png'                                                                 |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-logo-and-icons/#favicon             |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #favicon: 'assets/images/favicon.png'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "palette" section is a Material option and allows you to define specific style options such as   |
+  # | Color-Scheme, and primary and secondary Color.                                                       |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | You can also define multiple palettes that can have different Color Schemses and primary and/or      |
+  # | secondary Colors.                                                                                    |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-colors/                             |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-colors/#color-palette-toggle        |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  palette:
+  
+    # Palette toggle for light mode
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+      scheme: default
+      primary: 'indigo'
+      accent: 'indigo'
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-7
+        name: Switch to dark mode
+
+    # Palette toggle for dark mode
+    - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+      scheme: slate
+      primary: 'indigo'
+      accent: 'indigo'
+      toggle:
+        icon: material/brightness-4
+        name: Switch to light mode
+    
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | With the "font" option can you set a different font to use.                                          |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Material supports all Google fonts, but you can also define your own ones if you choose so.          |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "text" option is used for the regular font while "code" is used for code blocks, inline code and |
+  # | similar.                                                                                             |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-fonts/                              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #font:
+  #  text: 'Roboto'
+  #  code: 'Roboto Mono'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Material suppors more than 40 different languages which you can set using the "language" option      |
+  # | below.                                                                                               |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The default language is "en" (English).                                                              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | You can also enable/set a "selector" to allow switching between languages.                           |
+  # | See the "alternate" option in the "extra" section below for more information on this topic.          |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-language/                           |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #language: 'en'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "direction" option is commonly used together with the "language" option.                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | It allows you to change the text direction from the default left-to-right (ltr) to right-to-left     |
+  # | (rtl) which is used in certain languages.                                                            |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-language/#directionality            |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #direction: 'ltr'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "features" option allows you to enable specific features of Material, by adding them to the      |
+  # | list.                                                                                                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Features are in the format <category>.<name>. As an example, the feature to enable tabs is called    |
+  # | navigation.tabs.                                                                                     |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The list below contains all known features of Material.                                              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Features marked with a * are currently Insiders-only. (Last update: 11th December 2021)              |
+  # | https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/                                                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-navigation/                           |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  features:
+  # Announce
+  #
+  #- announce.dismiss # Adds a "X" button to dismiss a news banner/mark it as read.*
+  
+  # Header
+  #
+  #- header.autohide # Hide header when user scrolls past a specific point.
+  
+  # Navigation:
+  #
+  #- navigation.expand      # Expand all collapsable sections.
+  #- navigation.instant     # Instant loading pages.
+  #- navigation.indexes     # Attach pages directly to Sections. Incompatible with "toc.integrate"
+  #- navigation.sections    # Render top sections as groups.
+  - navigation.tabs         # Render top sections as tabs at the top.
+  #- navigation.tabs.sticky # Tabs won't disappear when scrolling down. Requires "navigation.tabs".
+  #- navigation.top         # Adds a "Back to top" that is shown when scrolling up.
+  #- navigation.tracking    # Updates the url with highlighted section anchor.
+  
+  # Search
+  #
+  #- search.highlight # Search will highlight the searched word(s) on the page.*
+  #- search.share     # Adds an option to share a search query link.*
+  #- search.suggest   # Search will suggest the likeliest completion for a word.*
+  
+  # Table of Contents
+  #
+  #- toc.integrate          # Include the TOC sections in the left navugation.
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "icon" section allows you to define a icon to use for the logo and/or repository.                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | To use already available icons will you need to set the right path for it, depending on which you    |
+  # | want to use.                                                                                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Available icons:                                                                                     |
+  # | - FontAwesome                                                                                        |
+  # |   - Brands:  fontawesome/brands/...  (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=brands&m=free)   |
+  # |   - Regular: fontawesome/regular/... (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=regular&m=free)  |
+  # |   - Solid:   fontawesome/solid/...   (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=solid&m=free)    |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | - Material Design Icons: material/... (https://materialdesignicons.com/)                             |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | - Octicons: octicons/... (https://primer.style/octicons/)                                            |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | You can also define your own Image for the logo. To do that, remove the "logo" option from "icon"    |
+  # | instead add a "logo" option on the same level as the "icon" one, where you then set the path         |
+  # | (relative to the "docs_dir") to the icon to use. Supported are all images types, including SVG.      |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-logo-and-icons/#logo                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  icon:
+    logo: 'material/library'
+    repo: 'material/library'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "admonition" option allows you to set a different icon for each admonition type.                 |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | This is currently a Insiders-only feature. (Last update: 7th October 2021)                           |
+  # | https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/insiders/                                                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Supported are all bundled icons:                                                                     |
+  # | - FontAwesome                                                                                        |
+  # |   - Brands:  fontawesome/brands/...  (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=brands&m=free)   |
+  # |   - Regular: fontawesome/regular/... (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=regular&m=free)  |
+  # |   - Solid:   fontawesome/solid/...   (https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&p=2&s=solid&m=free)    |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | - Material Design Icons: material/... (https://materialdesignicons.com/)                             |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | - Octicons: octicons/... (https://primer.style/octicons/)                                            |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | You can also create and use your own icons. See the documentation for more information.              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/admonitions/#changing-the-icons              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #admonition:
+  #    note: 'octicons/tag-16'
+  #    abstract: 'octicons/checklist-16'
+  #    info: 'octicons/info-16'
+  #    tip: 'octicons/squirrel-16'
+  #    success: 'octicons/check-16'
+  #    question: 'octicons/question-16'
+  #    warning: 'octicons/alert-16'
+  #    failure: 'octicons/x-circle-16'
+  #    danger: 'octicons/zap-16'
+  #    bug: 'octicons/bug-16'
+  #    example: 'octicons/beaker-16'
+  #    quote: 'octicons/quote-16'
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | With the "extra_css" option can you add your own (S)CSS files to enhance the documentation.            |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The path to the file is relative to the "docs_dir".                                                    |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#extra_css                                           |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+extra_css:
+  - assets/css/extra.css
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Similar to the "extra_css" option does the "extra_javascript" option allow you to set custom JS files  |
+# | to add extra featurues.                                                                                |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The path to the file is relative to the "docs_dir".                                                    |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#extra_javascript                                    |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+extra_javascript:
+  - https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6
+  - https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | The "extra" section contains pretty much anything you want, as long as it is a valid key-value pair.   |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Material uses this section for different custom settings that wouldn't fit in the theme section.       |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#extra                                               |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+extra:
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The social section allows you to set a list of entries which would be displayed in the footer of the |
+  # | page.                                                                                                |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Each entry has the exact same options:                                                               |
+  # | - icon: Path to the SVG icon to use. See "icon" section for available icon sets.                     |
+  # | - link: URL to which the icon should link.                                                           |
+  # | - name: Optional Name that would be displayed as title on hover.                                     |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-the-footer/#social-links              |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  social:
+    - icon: 'fontawesome/brands/github'
+      link: 'https://github.com/Andre601/mkdocs-template'
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Allows you to hide the "Made with Material for MkDocs" text in the footer of the pages by setting    |
+  # | this to "true".                                                                                      |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-the-footer/#generator-notice          |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #generator: true
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "manifest" option allows you to define a .manifest file to use.                                  |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | A .manifest file makes the doc act like a web-application and tells it how to behave when installed. |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/meta-tags/#adding-a-web-app-manifest         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #manifest: manifest.webmanifest
+  
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | The "alternate" option can be used to create a selector to switch languages.                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Using this requires you to create a specific, more complicated MkDocs setup.                         |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | A Setup Guide for multi-language docs can be found here:                                             |
+  # | https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/discussions/2346                                        |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # | Read More:                                                                                           |
+  # | - https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/changing-the-language/#site-language-selector    |
+  # |                                                                                                      |
+  # +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  #alternate:
+
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | MkDocs allows the usage of Markdown extensions which can do various things.                            |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Material includes the pymdownx extension which provides a lot of useful features to use.               |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Note that some extensions may use specific settings that you need to set.                              |
+# | Please check out the official documentation of PyMdownx for more information:                          |
+# | https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/                                                     |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Material already provides required CSS and JS values for the PyMdownX Extensions, which means you do   |
+# | not need to set them up yourself.                                                                      |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# | Read More:                                                                                             |
+# | - https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/configuration/#markdown_extensions                                 |
+# |                                                                                                        |
+# +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+markdown_extensions:
+  - markdown.extensions.admonition:
+  - markdown.extensions.codehilite:
+      guess_lang: false
+  - markdown.extensions.toc:
+      permalink: true
+  - pymdownx.arithmatex:
+      generic: true
+  - attr_list
+  - md_in_html
+  - pymdownx.blocks.caption
+  - admonition
+  - pymdownx.highlight:
+      anchor_linenums: true
+  - pymdownx.superfences
+  - pymdownx.tabbed:
+      alternate_style: true
+  - pymdownx.details
+  - attr_list
+  - tables
+
+  #- pymdownx.b64:
+  #- pymdownx.betterem:
+  #- pymdownx.caret:
+  #- pymdownx.critic:
+  #- pymdownx.details:
+  #- pymdownx.emoji:
+  #- pymdownx.escapeall:
+  #- pymdownx.extra:
+  #- pymdownx.extrarawhtml:
+  #- pymdownx.highlight:
+  #- pymdownx.inlinehilite:
+  #- pymdownx.keys:
+  #- pymdownx.magiclink:
+  #- pymdownx.mark:
+  #- pymdownx.pathconverter:
+  #- pymdownx.progressbar:
+  #- pymdownx.smartsymbols:
+  #- pymdownx.snippets:
+  #- pymdownx.striphtml:
+  #- pymdownx.superfences:
+  #- pymdownx.tabbed:
+  #- pymdownx.tasklist:
+  #- pymdownx.tilde:
+  # - exporter:
+  #     formats:
+  #       pdf:
+  #         enabled: !ENV [MKDOCS_EXPORTER_PDF, true]
+  #         concurrency: 8
+  #         stylesheets:
+  #           - resources/stylesheets/pdf.scss
+  #         covers:
+  #           front: resources/templates/covers/front.html.j2
+  #           back: resources/templates/covers/back.html.j2
+  #         aggregator:
+  #           enabled: true
+  #           output: .well-known/site.pdf
+  #           covers: all
+
+# theme:
+#   name: material
+#   palette:
+#     - scheme: default
+#       primary: indigo
+#       accent: blue
+#       toggle:
+#         icon: material/brightness-7
+#         name: Switch to dark mode
+#     - scheme: slate
+#       primary: indigo
+#       accent: blue
+#       toggle:
+#         icon: material/brightness-4
+#         name: Switch to light mode
+#   features:
+#     - navigation.tabs
+#     - navigation.sections
+#     - navigation.top
+#     - content.code.copy
+#     - content.tabs.link
+
+# plugins:
+#   - search
+
+# markdown_extensions:
+
+

poetry.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.3.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+package = []
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.1"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+content-hash = "db9b4c08b159b17b239e26c67ead7c37b82d9f9eb06550245ae3134c095f98f7"

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[tool.poetry]
+name = "uLib"
+version = "0.6.0"
+description = "CMT Cosmic Muon Tomography project uLib python bindings"
+authors = ["Andrea Rigoni Garola <andrea.rigoni@pd.infn.it>"]
+readme = "README.md"
+packages = [{ include = "uLib", from = "src/Python" }]
+build = "build_python.py"
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = ">=3.9"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0", "pybind11>=2.6.0", "cmake>=3.12"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

src/Core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,36 @@
 
-set(HEADERS Archives.h Array.h Collection.h DataAllocator.h Debug.h Export.h Function.h Macros.h Mpl.h Object.h Options.h Serializable.h Signal.h Singleton.h SmartPointer.h StaticInterface.h StringReader.h Types.h Uuid.h Vector.h)
+set(HEADERS 
+    Archives.h 
+    Array.h 
+    Collection.h 
+    DataAllocator.h 
+    Debug.h 
+    Export.h 
+    Function.h 
+    Macros.h 
+    Mpl.h 
+    Object.h 
+    Options.h 
+    Serializable.h 
+    Signal.h 
+    Singleton.h 
+    SmartPointer.h 
+    StaticInterface.h 
+    StringReader.h 
+    Types.h 
+    Uuid.h 
+    Vector.h
+)
 
-set(SOURCES Archives.cpp Debug.cpp Object.cpp Options.cpp Serializable.cpp Signal.cpp Uuid.cpp)
+set(SOURCES 
+    Archives.cpp 
+    Debug.cpp 
+    Object.cpp 
+    Options.cpp 
+    Serializable.cpp 
+    Signal.cpp 
+    Uuid.cpp
+)
 
 set(LIBRARIES Boost::program_options Boost::serialization)
 

src/Core/DataAllocator.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_CUDA
 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <thrust/device_vector.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace uLib {

src/Core/Vector.h

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@
 #include <Core/SmartPointer.h>
 #include <Core/StaticInterface.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#include <thrust/device_ptr.h>
+#include <thrust/device_vector.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace uLib {
 
 // MetaAllocator Implementation ...
@@ -136,6 +141,7 @@ public:
   Vector(unsigned int size) : BaseClass(size) {}
   Vector(unsigned int size, T &value) : BaseClass(size, value) {}
   Vector() : BaseClass(0) {}
+  Vector(std::initializer_list<T> init) : BaseClass(init) {}
 
   inline VectorCommaInit operator<<(T scalar) {
     return VectorCommaInit(this, scalar);
@@ -168,6 +174,42 @@ public:
     return nullptr;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_CUDA
+  /// Returns a thrust::device_ptr to the VRAM data (valid after MoveToVRAM()).
+  /// thrust::device_ptr<T> is itself a random-access iterator compatible with
+  /// all thrust algorithms (thrust::transform, thrust::sort,
+  /// thrust::for_each…).
+  thrust::device_ptr<T> DeviceData() {
+    if (auto alloc = MetaAllocator<T>::GetDataAllocator(BaseClass::data())) {
+      return thrust::device_pointer_cast(alloc->GetVRAMData());
+    }
+    return thrust::device_ptr<T>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  thrust::device_ptr<const T> DeviceData() const {
+    if (auto alloc = MetaAllocator<T>::GetDataAllocator(
+            const_cast<T *>(BaseClass::data()))) {
+      return thrust::device_pointer_cast(
+          static_cast<const T *>(alloc->GetVRAMData()));
+    }
+    return thrust::device_ptr<const T>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  /// Device-side begin iterator (valid after MoveToVRAM()).
+  thrust::device_ptr<T> DeviceBegin() { return DeviceData(); }
+
+  /// Device-side end iterator (valid after MoveToVRAM()).
+  thrust::device_ptr<T> DeviceEnd() {
+    return DeviceData() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(BaseClass::size());
+  }
+
+  thrust::device_ptr<const T> DeviceBegin() const { return DeviceData(); }
+
+  thrust::device_ptr<const T> DeviceEnd() const {
+    return DeviceData() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(BaseClass::size());
+  }
+#endif // USE_CUDA
+
   inline void PrintSelf(std::ostream &o);
 
   // Overrides for auto-sync //
@@ -274,6 +316,11 @@ public:
     this->MoveToRAM();
     return BaseClass::insert(pos, std::move(x));
   }
+  template <typename InputIt>
+  iterator insert(const_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last) {
+    this->MoveToRAM();
+    return BaseClass::insert(pos, first, last);
+  }
   iterator erase(const_iterator pos) {
     this->MoveToRAM();
     return BaseClass::erase(pos);

src/Core/test_meta_allocator.cpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include <Core/Vector.h>
-#include <iostream>
-
-int main() {
-  uLib::Vector<int> v;
-  v.push_back(1);
-  v.push_back(2);
-  v.push_back(3);
-
-  std::cout << "RAM Vector elements: ";
-  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
-    std::cout << v[i] << " ";
-  }
-  std::cout << std::endl;
-
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
-  std::cout << "Moving to VRAM..." << std::endl;
-  v.MoveToVRAM();
-  int *vram_ptr = v.GetVRAMData();
-  if (vram_ptr) {
-    std::cout << "Successfully got VRAM pointer!" << std::endl;
-  } else {
-    std::cout << "Failed to get VRAM pointer!" << std::endl;
-  }
-
-  std::cout << "Moving back to RAM..." << std::endl;
-  v.MoveToRAM();
-#endif
-
-  return 0;
-}

src/Core/testing/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,3 +31,8 @@ set(LIBRARIES
        ${ROOT_LIBRARIES}
 )
 uLib_add_tests(Core)
+
+if(USE_CUDA)
+    set_source_files_properties(VectorMetaAllocatorTest.cpp PROPERTIES LANGUAGE CUDA)
+endif()
+

src/Core/testing/VectorMetaAllocatorTest.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@
 #include "testing-prototype.h"
 #include <Core/Vector.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#include <thrust/device_ptr.h>
+#include <thrust/transform.h>
+
+struct DoubleFunctor {
+  __host__ __device__ int operator()(int x) const { return x * 2; }
+};
+#endif
+
 int main() {
   BEGIN_TESTING(VectorMetaAllocator);
 
@@ -41,14 +50,31 @@ int main() {
     exit(1);
   }
 
+  // Verify DeviceData() matches GetVRAMData()
+  {
+    thrust::device_ptr<int> dev_ptr = v.DeviceData();
+    if (dev_ptr.get() != vram_ptr) {
+      std::cout << "Error: DeviceData() does not match GetVRAMData()!\n";
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    std::cout << "DeviceData() matches GetVRAMData(). OK\n";
+  }
+
+  // Use thrust::transform via DeviceBegin()/DeviceEnd() to double all elements
+  // on device
+  std::cout << "Doubling elements on device via thrust::transform...\n";
+  thrust::transform(v.DeviceBegin(), v.DeviceEnd(), v.DeviceBegin(),
+                    DoubleFunctor{});
+
   std::cout << "Moving back to RAM...\n";
   v.MoveToRAM();
 
-  std::cout << "RAM contents after VRAM trip: ";
+  std::cout << "RAM contents after VRAM trip + thrust transform: ";
   for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
     std::cout << v[i] << " ";
-    if (v[i] != (int)(i + 1)) {
-      std::cout << "\nError: Data corrupted after RAM->VRAM->RAM trip at index "
+    if (v[i] != (int)((i + 1) * 2)) {
+      std::cout << "\nError: Data corrupted after RAM->VRAM->thrust->RAM trip "
+                   "at index "
                 << i << "\n";
       exit(1);
     }

src/Math/Dense.h

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #ifndef ULIB_DENSEMATRIX_H
 #define ULIB_DENSEMATRIX_H
 
+// #include <Eigen/src/Core/Matrix.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include <Eigen/Dense>
@@ -114,6 +115,21 @@ typedef unsigned long Scalarul;
 typedef float Scalarf;
 typedef double Scalard;
 
+typedef Eigen::Matrix<int, 1, 1> Vector1i;
+typedef Eigen::Vector2i Vector2i;
+typedef Eigen::Vector3i Vector3i;
+typedef Eigen::Vector4i Vector4i;
+
+typedef Eigen::Matrix<float, 1, 1> Vector1f;
+typedef Eigen::Vector2f Vector2f;
+typedef Eigen::Vector3f Vector3f;
+typedef Eigen::Vector4f Vector4f;
+
+typedef Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 1> Vector1d;
+typedef Eigen::Vector2d Vector2d;
+typedef Eigen::Vector3d Vector3d;
+typedef Eigen::Vector4d Vector4d;
+
 typedef Eigen::Matrix<int, 1, 1> Matrix1i;
 typedef Eigen::Matrix2i Matrix2i;
 typedef Eigen::Matrix3i Matrix3i;
@@ -124,15 +140,15 @@ typedef Eigen::Matrix2f Matrix2f;
 typedef Eigen::Matrix3f Matrix3f;
 typedef Eigen::Matrix4f Matrix4f;
 
-typedef Eigen::Matrix<int, 1, 1> Vector1i;
-typedef Eigen::Vector2i Vector2i;
-typedef Eigen::Vector3i Vector3i;
-typedef Eigen::Vector4i Vector4i;
+typedef Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 1> Matrix1d;
+typedef Eigen::Matrix2d Matrix2d;
+typedef Eigen::Matrix3d Matrix3d;
+typedef Eigen::Matrix4d Matrix4d;
+
+typedef Eigen::MatrixXi MatrixXi;
+typedef Eigen::MatrixXf MatrixXf;
+typedef Eigen::MatrixXd MatrixXd;
 
-typedef Eigen::Matrix<float, 1, 1> Vector1f;
-typedef Eigen::Vector2f Vector2f;
-typedef Eigen::Vector3f Vector3f;
-typedef Eigen::Vector4f Vector4f;
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Vector String interaction ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -188,6 +204,9 @@ public:
   typedef Eigen::Matrix<Scalarf, 4, 1> BaseClass;
 
   _HPoint3f() : BaseClass(0, 0, 0, p) {}
+  _HPoint3f(int rows, int cols) : BaseClass() {
+    this->operator()(3) = p;
+  }
   _HPoint3f(float x, float y, float z) : BaseClass(x, y, z, p) {}
   _HPoint3f(Vector3f &in) : BaseClass(in.homogeneous()) {
     this->operator()(3) = p;

src/Math/VoxImage.h

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ public:
 
   int ImportFromVti(const char *file, bool density_type = 0);
 
-protected:
   virtual ~VoxImage() {}
+protected:
   VoxImage(const Vector3i &size) : BaseClass(size) {}
 };
 
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ struct Voxel {
 } // namespace Interface
 
 struct Voxel {
-  Scalarf Value;
+  Scalarf Value = 0.0f;
+  Scalari Count = 0;
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

src/Math/VoxImageFilterABTrim.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 namespace uLib {
 
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#if defined(USE_CUDA) && defined(__CUDACC__)
 template <typename VoxelT>
 __global__ void ABTrimFilterKernel(const VoxelT *in, VoxelT *out,
                                    const VoxelT *kernel, int vox_size,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:
     mBtrim = 0;
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#if defined(USE_CUDA) && defined(__CUDACC__)
   void Run() {
     if (this->m_Image->Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM ||
         this->m_KernelData.Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM) {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ public:
     mBtrim = 0;
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#if defined(USE_CUDA) && defined(__CUDACC__)
   void Run() {
     if (this->m_Image->Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM ||
         this->m_KernelData.Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM) {

src/Math/VoxImageFilterLinear.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 namespace uLib {
 
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#if defined(USE_CUDA) && defined(__CUDACC__)
 template <typename VoxelT>
 __global__ void LinearFilterKernel(const VoxelT *in, VoxelT *out,
                                    const VoxelT *kernel, int vox_size,
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public:
   typedef VoxImageFilter<VoxelT, VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear<VoxelT>> BaseClass;
   VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear(const Vector3i &size) : BaseClass(size) {}
 
-#ifdef USE_CUDA
+#if defined(USE_CUDA) && defined(__CUDACC__)
   void Run() {
     if (this->m_Image->Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM ||
         this->m_KernelData.Data().GetDevice() == MemoryDevice::VRAM) {

src/Python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ set(SOURCES
     module.cpp
     core_bindings.cpp
     math_bindings.cpp
+    math_filters_bindings.cpp
 )
 
 # Use pybind11 to add the python module
-pybind11_add_module(uLib_python module.cpp core_bindings.cpp math_bindings.cpp)
+pybind11_add_module(uLib_python module.cpp core_bindings.cpp math_bindings.cpp math_filters_bindings.cpp)
 
 # Link against our C++ libraries
 target_link_libraries(uLib_python PRIVATE
@@ -22,6 +23,14 @@ target_include_directories(uLib_python PRIVATE
     ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
+# Install uLib_python within the uLib install target
+install(TARGETS uLib_python
+        EXPORT "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets"
+        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BIN_DIR} COMPONENT bin
+        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIB_DIR} COMPONENT lib
+        ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIB_DIR} COMPONENT lib
+)
+
 # --- Python Tests ---------------------------------------------------------- #
 
 if(BUILD_TESTING)
@@ -30,15 +39,20 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
     add_test(NAME pybind_general
              COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/testing/pybind_test.py)
     set_tests_properties(pybind_general PROPERTIES 
-                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>")
+                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Python")
 
     add_test(NAME pybind_core 
              COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/testing/core_pybind_test.py)
     set_tests_properties(pybind_core PROPERTIES 
-                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>")
+                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Python")
 
     add_test(NAME pybind_math 
              COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/testing/math_pybind_test.py)
     set_tests_properties(pybind_math PROPERTIES 
-                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>")
+                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Python")
+
+    add_test(NAME pybind_math_filters 
+             COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/testing/math_filters_test.py)
+    set_tests_properties(pybind_math_filters PROPERTIES 
+                         ENVIRONMENT "PYTHONPATH=$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:uLib_python>:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Python")
 endif()

src/Python/math_bindings.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
 #include <pybind11/eigen.h>
 #include <pybind11/stl.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl_bind.h>
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
 
 #include "Math/Dense.h"
 #include "Math/Transform.h"
@@ -13,13 +16,224 @@
 #include "Math/TriangleMesh.h"
 #include "Math/VoxRaytracer.h"
 #include "Math/Accumulator.h"
+#include "Math/VoxImage.h"
 
 namespace py = pybind11;
 using namespace uLib;
 
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalari>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalarui>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalarl>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalarul>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalarf>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Scalard>);
+
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector3f>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector3i>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector4f>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector4i>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector3d>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Vector4d>);
+
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<Voxel>);
+PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(uLib::Vector<VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element>);
+
+template <typename MatrixType>
+void bind_eigen_type(py::module_ &m, const char *name) {
+    using Scalar = typename MatrixType::Scalar;
+    constexpr bool is_vector = MatrixType::IsVectorAtCompileTime;
+
+    // Default constructor (zeros)
+    m.def(name, []() -> MatrixType {
+        if constexpr (MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic || MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic) {
+            return MatrixType(); // Empty dynamic matrix
+        } else {
+            return MatrixType::Zero(); // Zero static matrix
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Specialized constructor for dynamic matrices
+    if constexpr (MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic || MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic) {
+        m.def(name, [](int rows, int cols) -> MatrixType {
+            MatrixType mat;
+            mat.setZero(rows, cols);
+            return mat;
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Initialize from list
+    m.def(name, [](py::list l) -> MatrixType {
+        MatrixType mat;
+        if constexpr (is_vector) {
+            mat.setZero(l.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < l.size(); ++i) {
+                mat(i) = l[i].cast<Scalar>();
+            }
+        } else {
+            int rows = MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic ? (int)std::sqrt(l.size()) : MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime;
+            int cols = MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic ? (int)std::sqrt(l.size()) : MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime;
+            mat.setZero(rows, cols);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)l.size(); ++i) {
+                mat(i / cols, i % cols) = l[i].cast<Scalar>();
+            }
+        }
+        return mat;
+    });
+
+    // Initialize from py::array
+    m.def(name, [](py::array_t<Scalar, py::array::c_style | py::array::forcecast> arr) -> MatrixType {
+        auto buf = arr.request();
+        MatrixType mat;
+        if constexpr (is_vector) {
+            mat.setZero(buf.size);
+            Scalar* ptr = static_cast<Scalar*>(buf.ptr);
+            for (ssize_t i = 0; i < buf.size; ++i) mat(i) = ptr[i];
+        } else {
+            int rows = buf.shape.size() > 0 ? (int)buf.shape[0] : 1;
+            int cols = buf.shape.size() > 1 ? (int)buf.shape[1] : 1;
+            mat.setZero(rows, cols);
+            Scalar* ptr = static_cast<Scalar*>(buf.ptr);
+            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {
+                    mat(i, j) = ptr[i * cols + j];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mat;
+    });
+}
+
 void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
 
-    // Math/Transform.h
+    // 1. Basic Eigen Types (Vectors and Matrices)
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector1f>(m, "Vector1f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector2f>(m, "Vector2f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector3f>(m, "Vector3f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector4f>(m, "Vector4f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector1i>(m, "Vector1i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector2i>(m, "Vector2i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector3i>(m, "Vector3i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector4i>(m, "Vector4i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector1d>(m, "Vector1d");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector2d>(m, "Vector2d");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector3d>(m, "Vector3d");
+    bind_eigen_type<Vector4d>(m, "Vector4d");
+
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix2f>(m, "Matrix2f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix3f>(m, "Matrix3f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix4f>(m, "Matrix4f");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix2i>(m, "Matrix2i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix3i>(m, "Matrix3i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix4i>(m, "Matrix4i");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix2d>(m, "Matrix2d");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix3d>(m, "Matrix3d");
+    bind_eigen_type<Matrix4d>(m, "Matrix4d");
+
+    bind_eigen_type<MatrixXi>(m, "MatrixXi");
+    bind_eigen_type<MatrixXf>(m, "MatrixXf");
+    bind_eigen_type<MatrixXd>(m, "MatrixXd");
+
+    // 2. Homogeneous types
+    py::class_<HPoint3f>(m, "HPoint3f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def(py::init<float, float, float>())
+        .def(py::init<Vector3f &>());
+    py::class_<HVector3f>(m, "HVector3f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def(py::init<float, float, float>())
+        .def(py::init<Vector3f &>());
+    py::class_<HLine3f>(m, "HLine3f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def_readwrite("origin", &HLine3f::origin)
+        .def_readwrite("direction", &HLine3f::direction);
+    py::class_<HError3f>(m, "HError3f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def_readwrite("position_error", &HError3f::position_error)
+        .def_readwrite("direction_error", &HError3f::direction_error);
+
+    // 3. Dynamic Vectors (uLib::Vector)
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalari>>(m, "Vector_i")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalari>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalari>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalarui>>(m, "Vector_ui")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarui>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarui>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalarl>>(m, "Vector_l")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarl>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarl>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalarul>>(m, "Vector_ul")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarul>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarul>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalarf>>(m, "Vector_f")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarf>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalarf>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Scalard>>(m, "Vector_d")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalard>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Scalard>::MoveToRAM);
+
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector3f>>(m, "Vector_Vector3f")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3f>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3f>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector3i>>(m, "Vector_Vector3i")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3i>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3i>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector4f>>(m, "Vector_Vector4f")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4f>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4f>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector4i>>(m, "Vector_Vector4i")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4i>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4i>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector3d>>(m, "Vector_Vector3d")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3d>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector3d>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Vector4d>>(m, "Vector_Vector4d")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4d>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Vector4d>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<Voxel>>(m, "Vector_Voxel")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<Voxel>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<Voxel>::MoveToRAM);
+    py::bind_vector<uLib::Vector<VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element>>(m, "Vector_VoxRaytracerRayDataElement")
+        .def("MoveToVRAM", &uLib::Vector<VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element>::MoveToVRAM)
+        .def("MoveToRAM", &uLib::Vector<VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element>::MoveToRAM);
+
+    // 4. Accumulators
+    py::class_<Accumulator_Mean<float>>(m, "Accumulator_Mean_f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("AddPass", &Accumulator_Mean<float>::AddPass)
+        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<const float>(&Accumulator_Mean<float>::operator()))
+        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<>(&Accumulator_Mean<float>::operator(), py::const_));
+
+    py::class_<Accumulator_Mean<double>>(m, "Accumulator_Mean_d")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("AddPass", &Accumulator_Mean<double>::AddPass)
+        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<const double>(&Accumulator_Mean<double>::operator()))
+        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<>(&Accumulator_Mean<double>::operator(), py::const_));
+
+    py::class_<Accumulator_ABTrim<float>>(m, "Accumulator_ABTrim_f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("SetABTrim", &Accumulator_ABTrim<float>::SetABTrim)
+        .def("__iadd__", [](Accumulator_ABTrim<float> &self, float val) { self += val; return &self; })
+        .def("__call__", &Accumulator_ABTrim<float>::operator());
+
+    py::class_<Accumulator_ABTrim<double>>(m, "Accumulator_ABTrim_d")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("SetABTrim", &Accumulator_ABTrim<double>::SetABTrim)
+        .def("__iadd__", [](Accumulator_ABTrim<double> &self, double val) { self += val; return &self; })
+        .def("__call__", &Accumulator_ABTrim<double>::operator());
+
+    py::class_<Accumulator_ABClip<float>>(m, "Accumulator_ABClip_f")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("SetABTrim", &Accumulator_ABClip<float>::SetABTrim)
+        .def("__iadd__", [](Accumulator_ABClip<float> &self, float val) { self += val; return &self; })
+        .def("__call__", &Accumulator_ABClip<float>::operator());
+
+    py::class_<Accumulator_ABClip<double>>(m, "Accumulator_ABClip_d")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("SetABTrim", &Accumulator_ABClip<double>::SetABTrim)
+        .def("__iadd__", [](Accumulator_ABClip<double> &self, double val) { self += val; return &self; })
+        .def("__call__", &Accumulator_ABClip<double>::operator());
+
+    // 5. Core Math Structures
     py::class_<AffineTransform>(m, "AffineTransform")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("GetWorldMatrix", &AffineTransform::GetWorldMatrix)
@@ -34,13 +248,11 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("EulerYZYRotate", &AffineTransform::EulerYZYRotate)
         .def("FlipAxes", &AffineTransform::FlipAxes);
 
-    // Math/Geometry.h
     py::class_<Geometry, AffineTransform>(m, "Geometry")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("GetWorldPoint", py::overload_cast<const Vector4f &>(&Geometry::GetWorldPoint, py::const_))
         .def("GetLocalPoint", py::overload_cast<const Vector4f &>(&Geometry::GetLocalPoint, py::const_));
 
-    // Math/ContainerBox.h
     py::class_<ContainerBox, AffineTransform>(m, "ContainerBox")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("SetOrigin", &ContainerBox::SetOrigin)
@@ -51,7 +263,6 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("GetWorldPoint", py::overload_cast<const Vector4f &>(&ContainerBox::GetWorldPoint, py::const_))
         .def("GetLocalPoint", py::overload_cast<const Vector4f &>(&ContainerBox::GetLocalPoint, py::const_));
 
-    // Math/StructuredData.h
     py::enum_<StructuredData::_Order>(m, "StructuredDataOrder")
         .value("CustomOrder", StructuredData::CustomOrder)
         .value("XYZ", StructuredData::XYZ)
@@ -74,7 +285,6 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("Map", &StructuredData::Map)
         .def("UnMap", &StructuredData::UnMap);
 
-    // Math/StructuredGrid.h
     py::class_<StructuredGrid, ContainerBox, StructuredData>(m, "StructuredGrid")
         .def(py::init<const Vector3i &>())
         .def("SetSpacing", &StructuredGrid::SetSpacing)
@@ -84,7 +294,6 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
             return self.Find(HPoint3f(pt));
         });
 
-    // Math/Structured2DGrid.h
     py::class_<Structured2DGrid>(m, "Structured2DGrid")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("SetDims", &Structured2DGrid::SetDims)
@@ -100,7 +309,6 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("UnitToPhysicsSpace", &Structured2DGrid::UnitToPhysicsSpace)
         .def("SetDebug", &Structured2DGrid::SetDebug);
 
-    // Math/Structured4DGrid.h
     py::class_<Structured4DGrid>(m, "Structured4DGrid")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("SetDims", &Structured4DGrid::SetDims)
@@ -116,7 +324,37 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("UnitToPhysicsSpace", &Structured4DGrid::UnitToPhysicsSpace)
         .def("SetDebug", &Structured4DGrid::SetDebug);
 
-    // Math/TriangleMesh.h
+    // 6. High-level Structures
+    py::class_<Voxel>(m, "Voxel")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def_readwrite("Value", &Voxel::Value)
+        .def_readwrite("Count", &Voxel::Count);
+
+    py::class_<Abstract::VoxImage, StructuredGrid>(m, "AbstractVoxImage")
+        .def("GetValue", py::overload_cast<const Vector3i &>(&Abstract::VoxImage::GetValue, py::const_))
+        .def("GetValue", py::overload_cast<const int>(&Abstract::VoxImage::GetValue, py::const_))
+        .def("SetValue", py::overload_cast<const Vector3i &, float>(&Abstract::VoxImage::SetValue))
+        .def("SetValue", py::overload_cast<const int, float>(&Abstract::VoxImage::SetValue))
+        .def("ExportToVtk", &Abstract::VoxImage::ExportToVtk)
+        .def("ExportToVti", &Abstract::VoxImage::ExportToVti)
+        .def("ImportFromVtk", &Abstract::VoxImage::ImportFromVtk)
+        .def("ImportFromVti", &Abstract::VoxImage::ImportFromVti);
+
+    py::class_<VoxImage<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImage>(m, "VoxImage")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def(py::init<const Vector3i &>())
+        .def("Data", &VoxImage<Voxel>::Data, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
+        .def("InitVoxels", &VoxImage<Voxel>::InitVoxels)
+        .def("Abs", &VoxImage<Voxel>::Abs)
+        .def("clipImage", py::overload_cast<const Vector3i, const Vector3i>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::clipImage, py::const_))
+        .def("clipImage", py::overload_cast<const HPoint3f, const HPoint3f>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::clipImage, py::const_))
+        .def("clipImage", py::overload_cast<const float>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::clipImage, py::const_))
+        .def("maskImage", py::overload_cast<const HPoint3f, const HPoint3f, float>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::maskImage, py::const_))
+        .def("maskImage", py::overload_cast<const float, float, float>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::maskImage, py::const_), py::arg("threshold"), py::arg("belowValue") = 0, py::arg("aboveValue") = 0)
+        .def("fixVoxels", py::overload_cast<const float, float>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::fixVoxels, py::const_))
+        .def("__getitem__", py::overload_cast<unsigned int>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::operator[]))
+        .def("__getitem__", py::overload_cast<const Vector3i &>(&VoxImage<Voxel>::operator[]));
+
     py::class_<TriangleMesh>(m, "TriangleMesh")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("AddPoint", &TriangleMesh::AddPoint)
@@ -124,7 +362,6 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
         .def("Points", &TriangleMesh::Points, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
         .def("Triangles", &TriangleMesh::Triangles, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal);
 
-    // Math/VoxRaytracer.h
     py::class_<VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element>(m, "VoxRaytracerRayDataElement")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_readwrite("vox_id", &VoxRaytracer::RayData::Element::vox_id)
@@ -133,6 +370,7 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
     py::class_<VoxRaytracer::RayData>(m, "VoxRaytracerRayData")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("AppendRay", &VoxRaytracer::RayData::AppendRay)
+        .def("Data", py::overload_cast<>(&VoxRaytracer::RayData::Data), py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
         .def("Count", &VoxRaytracer::RayData::Count)
         .def("TotalLength", &VoxRaytracer::RayData::TotalLength)
         .def("SetCount", &VoxRaytracer::RayData::SetCount)
@@ -140,13 +378,8 @@ void init_math(py::module_ &m) {
 
     py::class_<VoxRaytracer>(m, "VoxRaytracer")
         .def(py::init<StructuredGrid &>(), py::keep_alive<1, 2>())
-        .def("GetImage", &VoxRaytracer::GetImage, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal);
-
-    // Math/Accumulator.h
-    py::class_<Accumulator_Mean<float>>(m, "Accumulator_Mean_f")
-        .def(py::init<>())
-        .def("AddPass", &Accumulator_Mean<float>::AddPass)
-        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<const float>(&Accumulator_Mean<float>::operator()))
-        .def("__call__", py::overload_cast<>(&Accumulator_Mean<float>::operator(), py::const_));
+        .def("GetImage", &VoxRaytracer::GetImage, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
+        .def("TraceLine", &VoxRaytracer::TraceLine)
+        .def("TraceBetweenPoints", &VoxRaytracer::TraceBetweenPoints);
 
 }

src/Python/math_filters_bindings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/eigen.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+
+#include "Math/VoxImage.h"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilter.h"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterLinear.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterABTrim.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterBilateral.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterThreshold.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterMedian.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilter2ndStat.hpp"
+#include "Math/VoxImageFilterCustom.hpp"
+
+namespace py = pybind11;
+using namespace uLib;
+
+template <typename Algorithm>
+void bind_common_filter(py::class_<Algorithm, Abstract::VoxImageFilter> &cls) {
+    cls.def(py::init<const Vector3i &>())
+       .def("Run", &Algorithm::Run)
+       .def("SetKernelNumericXZY", &Algorithm::SetKernelNumericXZY)
+       .def("GetImage", &Algorithm::GetImage, py::return_value_policy::reference_internal)
+       .def("SetImage", &Algorithm::SetImage);
+}
+
+void init_math_filters(py::module_ &m) {
+
+    // Abstract::VoxImageFilter
+    py::class_<Abstract::VoxImageFilter, std::unique_ptr<Abstract::VoxImageFilter, py::nodelete>>(m, "AbstractVoxImageFilter")
+        .def("Run", &Abstract::VoxImageFilter::Run)
+        .def("SetImage", &Abstract::VoxImageFilter::SetImage);
+
+    // Helper macro to define standard bindings for a filter
+#define BIND_FILTER(ClassName) \
+    { \
+        auto cls = py::class_<ClassName<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, #ClassName); \
+        bind_common_filter(cls); \
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+        cls.def("SetABTrim", &VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim<Voxel>::SetABTrim);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmSPR
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmSPR<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmSPR");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+        cls.def("SetABTrim", &VoxFilterAlgorithmSPR<Voxel>::SetABTrim);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+        cls.def("SetIntensitySigma", &VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral<Voxel>::SetIntensitySigma);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateralTrim
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateralTrim<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateralTrim");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+        cls.def("SetIntensitySigma", &VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateralTrim<Voxel>::SetIntensitySigma);
+        cls.def("SetABTrim", &VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateralTrim<Voxel>::SetABTrim);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+        cls.def("SetThreshold", &VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold<Voxel>::SetThreshold);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithm2ndStat
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithm2ndStat<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithm2ndStat");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+    }
+
+    // VoxFilterAlgorithmCustom (Omit CustomEvaluate since it uses static function ptrs)
+    {
+        auto cls = py::class_<VoxFilterAlgorithmCustom<Voxel>, Abstract::VoxImageFilter>(m, "VoxFilterAlgorithmCustom");
+        bind_common_filter(cls);
+    }
+}

src/Python/module.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 
 void init_core(py::module_ &m);
 void init_math(py::module_ &m);
+void init_math_filters(py::module_ &m);
 
 PYBIND11_MODULE(uLib_python, m) {
     m.doc() = "Python bindings for uLib Core and Math libraries";
@@ -15,4 +16,5 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(uLib_python, m) {
     // Math submodule
     py::module_ math = m.def_submodule("Math", "Math library bindings");
     init_math(math);
+    init_math_filters(math);
 }

src/Python/testing/core_pybind_test.py

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import os
 import unittest
 import time
 
-import uLib_python
+import uLib
 
 class TestCoreOptions(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_options(self):
-        opt = uLib_python.Core.Options("Test Options")
+        opt = uLib.Core.Options("Test Options")
         
         # Test basic config file parsing
         with open("test_configuration.ini", "w") as f:
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ class TestCoreOptions(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestCoreObject(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_object(self):
-        obj = uLib_python.Core.Object()
+        obj = uLib.Core.Object()
         self.assertIsNotNone(obj)
 
 class TestCoreTimer(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_timer(self):
-        timer = uLib_python.Core.Timer()
+        timer = uLib.Core.Timer()
         timer.Start()
         time.sleep(0.1)
         val = timer.StopWatch()

src/Python/testing/math_filters_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Ensure PYTHONPATH is correct if run from root
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'src', 'Python'))
+
+import uLib
+
+class TestMathFilters(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_filter_creation(self):
+        # 1. Linear Filter
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        v_dims = uLib.Math.Vector3i(dims)
+        
+        linear_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear(v_dims)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(linear_filter)
+        
+        # 2. ABTrim Filter
+        abtrim_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim(v_dims)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(abtrim_filter)
+        abtrim_filter.SetABTrim(1, 1)
+        
+        # 3. Bilateral Filter
+        bilat_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral(v_dims)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(bilat_filter)
+        bilat_filter.SetIntensitySigma(0.5)
+        
+        # 4. Threshold Filter
+        threshold_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold(v_dims)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(threshold_filter)
+        threshold_filter.SetThreshold(0.5)
+        
+        # 5. Median Filter
+        median_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian(v_dims)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(median_filter)
+
+    def test_filter_run(self):
+        # Create image
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        vox_img = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+        for i in range(10*10*10):
+            vox_img.SetValue(i, 1.0)
+        
+        # Linear filter
+        linear_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmLinear([3, 3, 3])
+        linear_filter.SetImage(vox_img)
+        
+        # Set kernel (simple 3x3x3 all ones)
+        # Weights are usually normalized in linear filter logic?
+        # Let's just test it runs.
+        linear_filter.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+        
+        # Run filter
+        linear_filter.Run()
+        
+        # Value should be 1.0 (mean of all 1.0 is 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vox_img.GetValue(0), 1.0)
+
+    def test_filter_run_abtrim(self):
+        # Create image
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        vox_img = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+        for i in range(10*10*10):
+            vox_img.SetValue(i, 1.0)
+        
+        # ABTrim filter
+        abtrim_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmAbtrim([3, 3, 3])
+        abtrim_filter.SetImage(vox_img)
+        
+        # Set kernel (simple 3x3x3 all ones)
+        # Weights are usually normalized in linear filter logic?
+        # Let's just test it runs.
+        abtrim_filter.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+        
+        # Run filter
+        abtrim_filter.Run()
+        
+        # Value should be 1.0 (mean of all 1.0 is 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vox_img.GetValue(0), 1.0)
+
+    def test_filter_run_bilateral(self):
+        # Create image
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        vox_img = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+        for i in range(10*10*10):
+            vox_img.SetValue(i, 1.0)
+        
+        # Bilateral filter
+        bilat_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmBilateral([3, 3, 3])
+        bilat_filter.SetImage(vox_img)
+        
+        # Set kernel (simple 3x3x3 all ones)
+        # Weights are usually normalized in linear filter logic?
+        # Let's just test it runs.
+        bilat_filter.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+        
+        # Run filter
+        bilat_filter.Run()
+        
+        # Value should be 1.0 (mean of all 1.0 is 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vox_img.GetValue(0), 1.0)
+
+    def test_filter_run_threshold(self):
+        # Create image
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        vox_img = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+        for i in range(10*10*10):
+            vox_img.SetValue(i, 1.0)
+        
+        # Threshold filter
+        threshold_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmThreshold([3, 3, 3])
+        threshold_filter.SetImage(vox_img)
+        
+        # Set kernel (simple 3x3x3 all ones)
+        # Weights are usually normalized in linear filter logic?
+        # Let's just test it runs.
+        threshold_filter.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+        
+        # Run filter
+        threshold_filter.Run()
+        
+        # Value should be 1.0 (mean of all 1.0 is 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vox_img.GetValue(0), 1.0)
+
+    def test_filter_run_median(self):
+        # Create image
+        dims = [10, 10, 10]
+        vox_img = uLib.Math.VoxImage(dims)
+        for i in range(10*10*10):
+            vox_img.SetValue(i, 1.0)
+        
+        # Median filter
+        median_filter = uLib.Math.VoxFilterAlgorithmMedian([3, 3, 3])
+        median_filter.SetImage(vox_img)
+        
+        # Set kernel (simple 3x3x3 all ones)
+        # Weights are usually normalized in linear filter logic?
+        # Let's just test it runs.
+        median_filter.SetKernelNumericXZY([1.0] * 27)
+        
+        # Run filter
+        median_filter.Run()
+        
+        # Value should be 1.0 (mean of all 1.0 is 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vox_img.GetValue(0), 1.0)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

src/Python/testing/math_pybind_test.py

@@ -3,16 +3,77 @@ import os
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 
-import uLib_python
+import uLib
 
 def vector4f0(v, target):
     diff = np.array(v) - np.array(target)
     diff[3] = 0 # ignoring w
     return np.all(np.abs(diff) < 0.001)
 
+
+class TestMathMatrix(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_matrix(self):
+        def check_1234(m2f):
+            self.assertEqual(m2f[0, 0], 1)
+            self.assertEqual(m2f[0, 1], 2)
+            self.assertEqual(m2f[1, 0], 3)
+            self.assertEqual(m2f[1, 1], 4)
+
+        m2f = uLib.Math.Matrix2f()
+        m2f[0, 0] = 1
+        m2f[0, 1] = 2
+        m2f[1, 0] = 3
+        m2f[1, 1] = 4
+        check_1234(m2f)
+
+        m2f = uLib.Math.Matrix2f([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        check_1234(m2f)
+
+        # m2f = uLib.Math.Matrix2f([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        # check_1234(m2f)
+
+        m2f = uLib.Math.Matrix2f(np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]))
+        check_1234(m2f)
+
+    def test_vector2(self):
+        v2f = uLib.Math.Vector2f()
+        v2f[0] = 1
+        v2f[1] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[1], 2)
+        
+        v2f = uLib.Math.Vector2f([1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[1], 2)
+        
+        v2f = uLib.Math.Vector2f(np.array([1, 2]))
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v2f[1], 2)
+    
+    def test_vector3(self):
+        v3f = uLib.Math.Vector3f()
+        v3f[0] = 1
+        v3f[1] = 2
+        v3f[2] = 3
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[1], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[2], 3)
+        
+        v3f = uLib.Math.Vector3f([1, 2, 3])
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[1], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[2], 3)
+        
+        v3f = uLib.Math.Vector3f(np.array([1, 2, 3]))
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[1], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(v3f[2], 3)
+    
+
 class TestMathGeometry(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_geometry(self):
-        Geo = uLib_python.Math.Geometry()
+        Geo = uLib.Math.Geometry()
         
         Geo.SetPosition([1, 1, 1])
         
@@ -27,7 +88,7 @@ class TestMathGeometry(unittest.TestCase):
         
 class TestMathContainerBox(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_container_box_local(self):
-        Cnt = uLib_python.Math.ContainerBox()
+        Cnt = uLib.Math.ContainerBox()
         Cnt.SetOrigin([-1, -1, -1])
         Cnt.SetSize([2, 2, 2])
         
@@ -35,7 +96,7 @@ class TestMathContainerBox(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(np.allclose(size, [2, 2, 2]))
 
     def test_container_box_global(self):
-        Box = uLib_python.Math.ContainerBox()
+        Box = uLib.Math.ContainerBox()
         Box.SetPosition([1, 1, 1])
         Box.SetSize([2, 2, 2])
         
@@ -45,7 +106,7 @@ class TestMathContainerBox(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestMathStructuredGrid(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_structured_grid(self):
-        grid = uLib_python.Math.StructuredGrid([10, 10, 10])
+        grid = uLib.Math.StructuredGrid([10, 10, 10])
         grid.SetSpacing([1, 1, 1])
         
         spacing = grid.GetSpacing()
@@ -53,10 +114,76 @@ class TestMathStructuredGrid(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestMathAccumulator(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_accumulator_mean(self):
-        acc = uLib_python.Math.Accumulator_Mean_f()
+        acc = uLib.Math.Accumulator_Mean_f()
         acc(10.0)
         acc(20.0)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(acc(), 15.0)
 
+class TestMathNewTypes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_eigen_vectors(self):
+        v1f = uLib.Math.Vector1f()
+        v3d = uLib.Math.Vector3d()
+        m4f = uLib.Math.Matrix4f()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(v1f)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(v3d)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(m4f)
+
+    def test_ulib_vectors(self):
+        vi = uLib.Math.Vector_i()
+        vi.append(1)
+        vi.append(2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(vi), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(vi[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vi[1], 2)
+        
+        vf = uLib.Math.Vector_f()
+        vf.append(1.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vf[0], 1.5)
+
+    def test_homogeneous(self):
+        p = uLib.Math.HPoint3f(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+        v = uLib.Math.HVector3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(p)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(v)
+
+    def test_vox_image(self):
+        img = uLib.Math.VoxImage([2, 2, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(img.GetDims()[0], 2)
+        img.SetValue([0, 0, 0], 10.5)
+        # Note: GetValue returns float, and there might be internal scaling (1.E-6 observed in code)
+        # Actually in VoxImage.h: GetValue(id) returns At(id).Value
+        # SetValue(id, value) sets At(id).Value = value
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img.GetValue([0, 0, 0]), 10.5)
+
+class TestMathVoxRaytracer(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_raytracer(self):
+        grid = uLib.Math.StructuredGrid([10, 10, 10])
+        grid.SetSpacing([1, 1, 1])
+        grid.SetOrigin([0, 0, 0])
+        
+        rt = uLib.Math.VoxRaytracer(grid)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(rt)
+        
+        # Test TraceBetweenPoints
+        p1 = np.array([0.5, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+        p2 = np.array([0.5, 0.5, 11.0, 1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+        data = rt.TraceBetweenPoints(p1, p2)
+        
+        self.assertGreater(data.Count(), 0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(data.TotalLength(), 10.0)
+        
+        # Check elements
+        elements = data.Data()
+        for i in range(data.Count()):
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(elements[i].vox_id, 0)
+            self.assertGreater(elements[i].L, 0)
+
+    def test_ray_data(self):
+        data = uLib.Math.VoxRaytracerRayData()
+        data.SetCount(10)
+        data.SetTotalLength(5.5)
+        self.assertEqual(data.Count(), 10)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(data.TotalLength(), 5.5)
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

src/Python/testing/pybind_test.py

@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 import sys
 import os
 
-import uLib_python
+import uLib
 
 def test_core():
     print("Testing Core module...")
-    obj = uLib_python.Core.Object()
+    obj = uLib.Core.Object()
     print("Core Object created:", obj)
     
-    timer = uLib_python.Core.Timer()
+    timer = uLib.Core.Timer()
     timer.Start()
     print("Core Timer started")
     
-    options = uLib_python.Core.Options("Test Options")
+    options = uLib.Core.Options("Test Options")
     print("Core Options created:", options)
 
 def test_math():
     print("Testing Math module...")
     
     # Test AffineTransform
-    transform = uLib_python.Math.AffineTransform()
+    transform = uLib.Math.AffineTransform()
     print("AffineTransform created")
     
     # Test Geometry
-    geom = uLib_python.Math.Geometry()
+    geom = uLib.Math.Geometry()
     print("Geometry created")
     
     # Test StructuredData
-    data = uLib_python.Math.StructuredData([10, 10, 10])
+    data = uLib.Math.StructuredData([10, 10, 10])
     print("StructuredData created with dims:", data.GetDims())
     
     # Test Structured2DGrid
-    grid2d = uLib_python.Math.Structured2DGrid()
+    grid2d = uLib.Math.Structured2DGrid()
     grid2d.SetDims([100, 100])
     print("Structured2DGrid created with dims:", grid2d.GetDims())
     
     # Test TriangleMesh
-    mesh = uLib_python.Math.TriangleMesh()
+    mesh = uLib.Math.TriangleMesh()
     print("TriangleMesh created")
     
     print("All tests passed successfully!")

src/Python/uLib/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+try:
+    from .uLib_python import Core, Math
+except ImportError:
+    # Handle cases where the binary extension is not yet built
+    pass
+
+__all__ = ["Core", "Math"]

test.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-
-#include "Core/Object.h"
-
-
-
-int main()
-{
-    uLib::Object obj;
-    return 0;
-}